Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors pdf

The authors have been actively involved in the creation of this branch of semiconductor physics. In these materials semiconducting properties, both transport and optical, are influenced by the presence of magnetic ions. Electricity, magnetism and optics department of physics. It is no secret that silicon devices dominate the semiconductor industry. Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. Spring 2008, department of physics and astronomy, the university of tennessee knoxville dated. Another advantage of using zno as a host semiconductor is. As a result of this shrinkage, design parameters are impacted in such a way that materials in present use are pushed to their limits 1. Whereas traditional electronics are based on control of charge carriers n or ptype, practical magnetic semiconductors would also allow control of quantum spin state up or down. Introductory physics ii electricity, magnetism and optics by robertg. Magnetic beha vlor of 11vi group diluted magnetic semiconductors, based on fe 1. Magnetic semiconductors tomasz dietl institute of physics. Dilute magnetic semiconductors dms form a class of materials that combine properties of a semiconductor host with magnetic effects due to an impurity dopant.

Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors. One of the main obstacles in creating dms materials is the formation of secondary phases because of the solidsolubility limit of magnetic ions in semiconductor. Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. V based diluted magnetic semiconductor dms nanoparticles of in1xmnxp x. Indeed, the ancient greeks put this hypothesis forward over two millennia ago. Theory of diluted magnetic semiconductor ferromagnetism. Thermoelectric properties and ferromagnetism of diluted. This method, which is a nonequilibrium growth technique, has allowed the incorporation of transition and rareearth metals into the host semiconductors beyond its solubility limit 1. The most extensively studied materials of this type are the amnb alloys, in which a fraction of the group ii sublattice is replaced at. Introduction with the rapid development of microelectronic technology, moores law is running out of momentum and researchers are now more poised to exploit the spin property of the electron for better device performance.

However, it was not until the twentieth century that the atomic theory of matter became firmly established as an unassailable, demonstrated fact. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. In contrast to the ptype diluted magnetic semiconductors, ntype diluted magnetic semiconduct. Diluted magnetic semiconductors an introduction international conference and school on spintronics and quantum information technology spintech vi school lecture 2 diluted magnetic semiconductors matsue, japan, august 1, 2011 hideo ohno 1,2 1center for spintronics integrated systems, tohoku university, sendai, japan. The shubnikovde haas effect was thermoelectric properties and ferromagnetism of diluted magnetic semiconductors sb 2 x cr x te 3 p. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. Rodina bandoffset engineering in magnetic non magnetic. Schubert quantum mechanics applied to semiconductor devices. The physics of semiconductors an introduction including. Magnetic behavlor of 11vi group diluted magnetic semiconductors, based on mn 1. The materials were prepared using either mnii or mniii salts as dopants and the resulting nanoparticles have.

The field of highly frustrated magnetism has developed and expanded considerably over the last 15 years. Originating with canonical geometric frustration of interactions, it today extends over other phenomena with many degrees of freedom, including magnetoelastic couplings, orbital degrees of freedom, dilution effects, and elec. Gaj and jacek kossut optical spectroscopy of widegap diluted magnetic semiconductors wojciech pacuski exchange interaction between carriers and magnetic ions in quantum size heterostructures i. April, 2008 this paper begins with a brief introduction to the eld of spintronics and dilute magnetic semiconductor dms, the. We focus here on striking differences between the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors described in the preceding chapter and those whose constituent semiconductor matrix is a wide gap. Semiconductors played, and continue to play, an undeniably pivotal role in the explosive growth of our technical civilization over the last six decades. The book deals with diluted magnetic semiconductors, a class of materials important to the emerging field of spintronics. Theory of magnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductor. Electronic spin resonance esr was used to study the magnetic properties of this solution. Zno, diluted magnetic semiconductor, nanostructure, room temperature ferromagnetism 1. The term dms applies generally to semiconductors in which a fraction of its constituent ions are replaced by magnetic ions.

Brown duke university physics department durham, nc 277080305. Exchange interactions diluted magnetic semiconductors. The developed theory guides us to gain deep physical insight into the mag. The diluted magnetic semiconductors dmss, which are ternary or quaternary alloys, in which a part of the nonmagnetic cations of the host material has been substituted by magnetic ions, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Macdonald 1department of physics, indiana university, bloomington, indiana 47405 2department of physics, national tsinghua university, hsinchu 300, taiwan received 24 january 2000we present a theory of carrierinduced. Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors is addressed to graduatelevel and doctoral students and young researchers entering the field. There is a large amount of literature on the introduction of magnetic ions into semiconducting materials 4,5,6, there is some evidence on room temperature ferromagnetism with controllable semiconducting properties 6. In addition to the iiiv semiconductors, some work has been performed on the iivi semiconductors such as zinc oxide 7. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. In dms magnetic ions substitute cation sites of the host semiconductor and are coupled by free carriers resulting in ferromagnetism.

Photoemission study of in diluted magnetic semiconductor. In these materials semiconducting properties, both transport and. While the concept of dms materials was known for a long time, it was only in 1989 that researchers were able to demonstrate such materials in gaas and inas films doped with mn munetaka. Furdyna introduction diluted magnetic semiconductors dms are semiconducting alloys whose lattice is partly made of substitutional magnetic ions. The tetragonal bulk unit cell of rutile has the dimensions, a b 4.

The magnetic behavior of diluted magnetic semiconductors. An introduction including nanophysics and applications marius grundmann the 3rd edition of this successful textbook contains ample material for a comprehensive upperlevel undergraduate or beginning graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a special topic and begin supervised research. Realizing ferromagnetic coupling in diluted magnetic. This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into semiconductors, insulators and conductors. We study the ferromagnetism in iiiv diluted magnetic semiconductor dms quantumwells theoretically and numerically taking into account the occupation of multiple subbands by holes in quantum wells. In theory, any semiconductor with a fraction of its constituent ions replaced by ions. Xray magnetic circular dichroism study of the diluted.

In particular, in ferromagnetic dmss, it is considered that the ferromagnetic. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the eld of spintronics and dilute magnetic semi conductor dms, the second part discusses in detail on three typical dms materialsga,mnas, ga,mnn and transition metal doped oxide. Introduction spin electronics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary. Under the common preparation conditions, excess zinc is always found in zno. The first generation of spintronics devices were based on passive magnetoresistive sensors and memory elements using electrodes made from alloys of ferromagnetic 3d metals. Znobased nanostructures for diluted magnetic semiconductor. If implemented in devices, these materials could provide a new type of control of conduction. In the third edition several topics are extended and treated in more depth including surfaces, disordered materials, amorphous semiconductors, polarons, thermopower and noise. Diluted magnetic semiconductor spintronics abstract deposition of 0.

It presents a detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge of the established properties of dms in the form. Basic semiconductor material science and solidstate physics all terrestrial materials are made up of atoms. The physics of semiconductors requires little or no prior knowledge of solidstate physics and evolved from a highly regarded twosemester course. It presents a detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge of the established properties of dms in the form of single crystals, quantum wells and superlattices. Diluted magnetic semiconductors dms are intriguing materials for spintronic applications that offer the possibility of studying magnetic phenomena in crystals with a simple band structure and. In diluted magnetic semiconductors dms the exchange interaction between the spins of charge carriers and magnetic ions results in the giant zeeman splitting and exciton magnetic polaron emp. Basic consequences of spd and dd interactions in dms jan a.